Current Events Reflection

Over the past year I have been working with articles that dealt with the domestic policy of events around the world. I feel that I have learned a lot about current events, even though at times it was difficult to find articles that related to the topic of domestic policy. Writing summaries and connecting articles to one another was a huge part of how I understood what was going on in each country. Prior to tagging articles and writing up summaries, I basically had no knowledge of nearly half the articles that I found. Honestly, I would still have no knowledge if it wasn't assigned to do so. I probably will still read the news, but I will definitely not write summaries of the things I learned :) . A lot of the news that I found was very different from the daily life of America. I found myself reading about more violence and horrible, poor conditions people lived in. If I ever had to do this project/assignment again, I would consider more sources than just the BBC. Being one to not keep up with history/politics/current events, I didn’t mind doing this project. As for the requirements that the project held, everything was fine. The only thing that I felt didn’t succeed was trying to make a Wikispace with our group members. Even though we began to use the Wikispace, it did not go over to great (and was not used as much as it was probably intended.)

Chapter 33: B

Conservative Policies Under Reagan and Bush

Goal: Stimulate the economy
1. Cut government spending on social programs and lowered income taxes.
Result(s)-> Benefits for middle class-urban mass transit, food stamps, welfare benefits, job training, Medicad, school lunches, and student loans. Lowering income tax drove down prices greatly.
2. Increased military spending
Result(s)-> Defense budget almost doubled.
3. Names conservative judges to the Supreme Court and other federal courts.
Goal: Promote traditional values and morality
Result(s)-> Ended the liberal control over the court that had begun under Franklin Roosevelt.
Goal: Reduce the size and power of the federal government
5. Cut the Environmental Protection Agency budget and appointed EPA administrators sympathetic to business.
Result(s)-> deregulation, the cutting back of federal regulation of industry, increased competition and often resulted in lower prices for consumers.

Supply-side economics- thoery that if people paid fewer taxes, they would save money. Banks could then loan hat money to businesses, which could invest the money in resources to imrove productivity and lower prices.
Sandra Day O'Connor- appointed to the Supreme Court as a judge by Reagan. She was the first woman to be appointed to the court.
William Rehnquist- Becam the first woman on a major party's presidential ticket (from New York).
Geraldine Ferraro- the most conservatice justice on the court at the time, to the position of Chief Justice.

Chapter 33: A

A Conservative Movement Emerges

1. Individuals

William F. Buckley, Jr.- Founder of newspapers: The Wall Street Journal and Nation Review.
Jerry Falwell and Pat Robertson- Two of the most influenced telecangelists (formed an organization called the Moral Majority, which interpreted the bible in various ways.)
Ronald Reagan- Won the 1980 nomination and chose George H. W. Bush as his running mate.
Barry Goldwater- the Republican candidate for president (1964).

2. Groups and institutions

New Right- focused its energy on controversial social issues (opposing abortion, blocking the Equal Rights Amendment, and evading court ordered busing.)
Conservative Coalition- an aliance of business leaders, middle-class voters, disaffected Democrats, and funamentalist Christian groups.

3. Issues and interests

-New rights critized the affirmative action, which required employers and educational institutions to give special consideration to women, African Americans, and other minority groups.
-Reverse discrimination was seen, which was the favoring of one group over another on the basis of race or gender.
-Supreme Court decisions on abortion, pornography, the teaching of evolution and prayer in public schools, all concerned conservative voters.

Four factors that contributed to Ronal Reagan's victory:
-Skills at simplifying issues and presenting clear answers-> titled the Great Communicator.
-Commitment to the military.
-Economic strength.
-"One of their own"(true believer in less governmet, lower taxes, and traditional values.

Entitlement Program- a program that provides guaranteed benefits to particular groups.
Reverse Discrimination- favoring of one group over another on the basis of race or gender.

Chapter 31: i (section 3)

Culture and Counterculture

1. Members or participants

Members of the counterculture were known as hippies. Hippies wore ragged jeans, tie-dyed T-shirts, military garments, love beads, and Native American ornaments. Most of the memebers were youths who left school, work, or their home. This era was marked by rock 'n' roll, crazy clothing, sexual license, and illegal drugs.

2. Beliefs about American society

Hippies shared many of the same beliefs and felt that American society and its materialism, technologies, and war had grown hollow. The main idea of this group was to maintain peace and harmony. 

3. Goals for society and for themselves

The goals for society and for themselves that the hippies had in mind were to make the community and country of America full of peace, love, and harmony.

4. Movement center

5. Attitudes and activities

For a while the countercultures were all about peace and harmony but then gradually gave way to violence and disillusionment. People began to use a lot of drugs and became homeless, therefore many people started living on the streets.

6. Violent episodes

Once drugs came into every day use many people began to fall apart. One by one people would become addicted to drugs and they began to have mental breakdowns. This behavior led to a lot of violence, which was ironic to the countercultures goals to create peace, love, and harmony.

7. Impact on art and fashion

This time period had an impact on art and fashion because the rise of pop art flourished the community. Pop art was categorized by bright, simple, commercial-looking images from everyday life.

8. Impact on music
During the 1960's the counterculture movement embraced rock 'n' roll. The music was an offshoot of African American rhythm and blues music. The most popular band that helped rock 'n' roll get its boost was the Beatles.  With new uprising music more than 400,000 people went to festivals, one specifically called "Woodstock Music and Art Fair". This festival represented the '60s movement of peace and love.

9. Impact on mainstream America

America's mainstream/attitudes changed during this time period. The thought of "do you own thing" came into factor soon led to the sexual revolution (which was more casual and permissive sexual behaviors). Mass culture, including TV, books, magazines, and movies began to address subjects that one had been prohibited.

Chapter 31:C

The Farm Worker Movement

Why did the NFWA decide to organize a strike against Mount Arbor?

The NFWA decided to organize a strike against Mount Arbor because it was the biggest company. It had about 85 workers, not counting the irrigators and supivisors.

How did Chavez and Huerta try to keep the strike from being broken?

In attempt to keep the strike from being broken, Chavez and Huerta avoided picket lines in order to not break the strike and keep it strong.

Do you think that strikes and boycotts effectively promoted La Causa? Why or why not?

Current Events Summary # 8

Middle East


In the Middle East, a lot of protests have been taking place. For example, in Egypt protests against economic conditions struck the nation. Though, police have been in the presence of most protests, making them fail. Many people working in a Spinning and Weaving Company found prices and wages too high, therefore they would spend their time, after their shifts, fighting to lower them. With all the strikes/protests going on, a great amount of public affairs were affected. For instance, for a while schools were cancelled because of fear that the streets were very dangerous. The government, in order to control this situation, had told police to use whatever tactic they need too; even if that came to using force/violence. The government showed zero-tolerance for this matter, not to mention strikes are illegal in Egypt (causing the government and the police to use even more force.) In all, people are fighting for lower prices on food and wages and their dissatisfaction has shined very much through the country. As a result, the Egyptian government has promised an increase in salaries and they have increased their financial support for food.

Note: While schools have been cancelled because of danger from strikes/protests in Egypt, children in Yemen were actually injured. Explosions/shells by unknown attackers missed the US embassy(which was thought to be the target) and hit a nearby school endangering kids and injury many.

While the discontent of prices of food and wages rising still take place, the people of Egypt are not interested in politics. Therefore this matter results in a low turnout in Egypt. The polls are being boycotted and local elections in Egypt have very small turnouts. Meanwhile, as time goes on. police begin to become more violent. Protesters claim that police used live ammunition to break up the strikes. With anger, protesters are torching buildings, tearing down billboards, and beginning to cause a lot of damage. Once again, the Egyptian government's power impacts the lives of the common people. Raising salaries and increasing the financial aid for food has been promised once again to the people in order to maintain control in the country without resulting in too much chaos that would not be able to be handled or injuries/death of the people.

26b

Soviet Union:

Experiences During War: Suffered more casualties in World War II than any other Allies. Lost aproximately 7.5 million soliders. About 19 million civilians were killed and 25 million refugees were left homeless.

Emotions After War: Feared invasion from the West.

Needs After War: Gaining military and political control of Eastern Europe-way of creating a buffer from further attack.

United States:

Experiences During War: 405,000 soliders died during war, with no civilian casualties. This got the US out of the Depression and almost half of all the goods and services produced in the world came from the US.

Emotions After War: Feared totalitarian regimes that imposed their own systems on otherwise free and independent nations.

Needs After War: Contain communism was a diplomatic compromise between going to war again and stopping the Soviets from gaining any more power in the world that they already had.

25l

The War in the Pacific

April 1942, Bataan: Lt. Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers in the attack of a raid on Tokyo and Japanese cities. American spirits rose while Japans spirits dampened.

June 1942, Midway: Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander of American naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend Midway (an island near Hawaii). The Americans sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to the attack. Japanese were caught with their planes on decks and by the end of the battle, the Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes.

August 1942, Guadalcanal: 19,000 troops stormed into Guadalcanal and the first Allied offesive began.

October 1944, Leyte Gulf: Japanese bombers threw their entire fleet into the Battle. This battle ended as a disaster for Japan. Within 3 days they lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and almost 500 planes.

March 1945, Iwo Jima:

June 1945, Okinawa: Allies and Japan. The fighting ended on June 21, 1945; more than 7, 600 Americans died. The Japanese lost 110,000 lives.

September 1945, Tokyo Bay:

The Science of War

July 1945, Los Alamos: Otto Frisch describe the first testing of the new bomb as a huge mushroom cloud that rose over the sesert as a "red hot elephant standingbalanced on its trunk." The bomb was successful; it worked.

August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Enola Gay released an atomic bomb named Little Boy over an important Japanese military center (Hiroshima). Almost every building had collapsed and the city as well. Japans leader had yet to surrender and 3 days later another bomb, named Fat Man, was dropped on Nagasaki. By the end of the year roughly 200, 000 people died.

Planning and Rebuilding for Peace

February 1945, Yalta: Allied pushed toward victory in Europe. Roosevelt met with Churchill and Stalin at the Black Sea resort city of Yalta in the Soviet Union, where they toasted the defeat of Germany.

April 1945, San Francisco: Roosevelt's dream of a United Nations would become reality at an international conference that took place in San Francisco in April.

1945 - 1949, Nuremberg: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, 12 out of 24 defendents, that were Nazi leaders, were accused of crimes and were sentenced to death. The remaining men were sent to prison. Nearly 200 more Nazis were found guilty of war crimes.

Kamikaze: Or a suicide-plane involving the deliberate crashing of a bomb-filled airplane into a military target.

The Manhattan Project: The United States program developed an atomic bomb for use in World War II.

25g

End of Battle of Stalingrad
The soldiers fought in the Soviet Union since June 1941. For weeks the Germans went in on Stalingrad, taking over houses. By the end of the battle, defending Stalingrad, the Soviet Union lost 1,100,000 soliders. From this point on the Soviet began to move westward toward Germany.
End of Operation Torch
The Operation Torch was an invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa, commanded by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Landing in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers in Norther Africa, were about 107, 000 Allied troops, mostly American. Moving eastward from this point they became victorious to Afrika Korps led by General Erwin Rommel.
Victory in Battle of the Atlantic
D-Day
The Allies gathered a force of nearly 3 million British, American, and Canadian troops, with a great deal of military equipment and supplies. The plan was to attack Normany in northern France. The code-name for the invasion was Operation Overload, which shortly after midnight, the 3 divisions parachuted down behind German lines followed by thousands upon thousands of seaborne soliders.
Liberation of Majdanek
The Soviets entered Majadenk in Poland seeing that they didn't enter a concentration camp, but a "murder house" instead.
Liberation of France
French soliders set Paris free from the Germans.
Capture of Aachen
Americans captured the first German town Aacehn in October 1944.
End of Battle of the Bulge
The Germans moved westward capturing 120 American GIs near Malmedy. Herding them into fields, the Germans killed them with machine guns and pistols.
End of Italian Campaign
VE-Day
The Allies celebrated "Victory in Europe Day" when the war in Europe was finally over. General Eisenhower accepted the surrender of the Third Reich.
Dwight D. Eisenhower -General and the Supreme Commander of United States Forces in
Europe.
George Patton - Leader of the third army that reached the Seine river south of Paris to liberate France.
Harry S. Truman - Became nation's 33rd President after Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.

Current Event Summary # 7

Throughout Nepal, a region located in South Asia, there has been an ongoing strike because the population believe they are being neglected. This strike, that has been struggling with the supply of fuel for the nation, is roughly one third of Nepal, also known as Madhesis. Within the two week period that the strike has been caring on, police officers have already killed people, due to the act of violence. The population of Madhesis have never seemed to have the power in political issues or representation. For that reason, the recent man who signed for cabinet minister, Mr. Mahato, asked for their own state within Nepal. That way the population would be able to regain control, without having problems with the government. Problems that have grown with the government and Madhesis' population is that the government has "collapsed" and it is "irresponsible." Due to the strike, there is a shortage of basic fuels across the country. To maintain some-what of a supply to Nepal, curfews have been set, because so much violence has been brought about the region. The main reason for the curfew is to allow tankers to come in and bring petrols and cooking gas from India for the population. As a result, the strike has not only affected the Madhesi and the domestic lives, but it has also affected hospitals and schools. This outroar shows a new sign of ethnics in Nepal and politics.
The ethnic Nepalese people from Bruhtan have also been involved in fires that destroyed a camp that sheltered many refugees from disasters. For many, many years this camp has been a home for over 100,000 ethnic Nepalese people. Roughly 60,000 of those people have now been given the chance to live in the United States. To shelters like this, emidiate attention has be aqquired. Aid agencies and the government has sent emergency food, water, and extra temporary shelter. Although, due to the use of bamboo for the huts, most of the shelters have been destroyed by fires. For the population of Nepal, the domestic population has not only been affected by the strike going on, but by the ongoing fires. The fires have taken away shelter and most of their personal belongings such as clothes, books, cooking supplies, and food. The fires have not been determined as accidents or acts of arson quite yet. One main resultant that the refugees have led to is moving to western countries.
In all, the government and other aid resources are making an attempt to make the life of the population that lives in Nepal a better way of living. The government has gone from dealing with strikes from the domestic population and accusations of arsons continually spreading throughout shelters of Nepal.

Current Events Summary

In South Asia there has currently been a lot of huge news reports streaming through the streets. There has been an alarm among the people of South Asia because of the bird flu. There hasn't been any human cases of the bird flu found, but all the test on dead birds found in Budge Budge, less than an hour from Calcutta, have tested positive with this disease. Besides the fact that the people of South Asia are at risk of catching the bird flu, poultry is a main way they recieve money. With the risk of the bird flu, the major source of income that people get from selling poultry, or using it for their own food, have been affected as well. While the government is working on getting rid of the birds that are affected, they are also having villagers select out birds which may have the disease. There are two problems with this method. One is that the villagers don't have the supplies like, gloves for example, and that puts them at a larger risk of getting the bird flu because they are having exact contact with the birds. Also, many people don't want to get rid of their "backyard poultry" because that is once of their main ways to supply themselves with food and get money. In all, the worry of the bird flu spreading among humans is a main subject that South Asia has to deal with right now. If it spreads to Calcutta people will be in panic and cause chaos because things are getting very serious and health issues are at risk.
While the government of South Asia is busy dealing with the issue of the bird flu, they also have to deal with a hijacking incident of an Indian airline to Afghanistan. Finding who the men were that were involved in the hijacking can relate to why the government is trying to control the bird flu. The government has the saftey and well being of its citizens in mind. Without the government tying to control each circumstances that would show that the have no respect for human dignity.

32k: The Ford and Carter Years

A.Take notes to describe the policies of each towards the problems facing them.

*Problems faced by Ford*
Ending Watergate Scandal:
Troubled Economy: Carter claimed he didn't have an economic policy at all. He said he thought that there was a crisis in spirit of the people. From here, people began to believe their president had given up on them.
Hostile Congress: The Congress continually battled the worst economic recession and they pushed their own economic agenda/problems to Fords attention.
Cold War tensions:
Southeast Asia:

*Problems faced by Carter*
Distrust of politicians:
Energy crisis: Most important issue they were facing. America relied on imported oil very much, and thought that factored into the problem. He then offered over 100 proposals on energy conservation and development.
Discrimination:
Humans rights issue: Wanted to use moral principles for a guide for US foreign policy. Promoted that the US needed to commit itself to human rights.
Panama Canal:
Cold War tensions:

31f: Women Fight for Equality

A. Take notes to explain how each helped to create or advance the movement.

Experiences in the workplace: Women were paid much less than men for the same jobs, which President Kennedy changed. Women got management positions that led them to notice their unequal status in society even more.
Experiences in social activism: Women noticed that they were "brushed aside" in groups/organizations. They took action and organzied small groups to discuss their concerns.
Consiousness raising: "Women shared their lives with each other and realized that their experiences were not unique."
Feminism: Women wanted the right to be economically, politically, and socially equal with men. In 1920, women won the right to vote.
Betty Friedan and the Feminine Mystique: Helped spread how women felt and were treated around the world.
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Womens movement gained strength when the Civil Rights Act was passed. This act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. It also formed the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to deal with discrimination claims.
National Organization for Women (NOW): This group fought to pursue women's goals. This group fought for child-care facilities so women could pursue jobs and education. They prompted EEOC to declare sez-segregated job ads illegal and made employers unable to refuse to hire a women because it was traditionally a males job.
Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine: Steinem made her voice heard about feminism and equality. She created the group National Women's Political Caucus to encourage women to have a role in the political office. The Ms. magazine created was to show the contemporary issues from a feminist perspective.
Congress: Congress passed a ban on gender discrimination in education programs or things involving federal financial assistance. They also expanded the powers of the EEOX and gave parents that worked a tax break for child-care fees.
Supreme Court:

B. The Equal Rights Amendment would have guarunteed equal rights under the law, regardless of gender. Who opposed this amendment? Why?

Who: Phyllis Schlafly
Why: He believed that the ERA would lead to "a parade of horribles," like drafting women, ending of laws protecting homemakers, and the end of husbands responsibility to provide for his family, and same-sex marriages.

29i : "I Have a Dream"

Discussion Questions

1. What does Dr. Martin Luther King mean when he says he has a dream that the nation "will live out the true meaning of its creed"?
Martin Luther King meant that he wants everyone to be equal with one another, no matter what color skin they have. He wants people to live with the saying that "all men a created equal." While they say that all men are created equal, it is not true. He had a dream that one day it will come into effect and African Americans would not be treated unfairly, but instead like everyone else.
2. What critisisms does King level at American society?
King basically critisizes the nation when he claims he has a dream that everyone would be created equal. It is critisism because he talks about the segregation, racisim, etc in the world. Although he had a point that African Americans were not treated the same way that white people were, he was still technically critisizing the American society very much when he went against what was "set", basically meaning he stood up for himself.
3. Do you think that King's dream has been fufilled? Explain your response.
I think that King's dream has been fufilled. Today African Americans and white people are more equal than what they used to be. Even thought there are still people who are racists, the lifestyle of the nation changed as a whole. African Americans are looked at as people, and not things.

Project Drafts 1&2

Intro Paragraph:

During World War II to the time period of the late 20th century the evolution of the concepts including; personal freedom, individual responsibility, and respect for human dignity, had a growth. In many domestic events that took place during WWII these concepts were clearly stated. Within the Civil Rights movement, many of the key events, goals, and origins also demonstrated the evolution of personal freedom, individual responsibility, and respect for human dignity. The growth of each concept was also portrayed in the course of the women's rights movement, in the 1960s and 1970s, and the social trends (and sometimes the economic trends) of the late 20th century.
*Basic introduction- much more work is needed for the final draft. I have yet to come up with a strong thesis to tie everything together yet.

Body Paragraph 1: 2 pts. (maybe 3)

*Expanding the Military

-all out war-needed more than 5 million volunteers -> drafts. (individual responsibility.)

-military work force needed greatly

-Formation of Women's Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) because things could be done better by women. (respect for human dignity)

-few benefits granted to men (although, one bad thing that affected human dignity)

-Women's Army Corps-got rid of Auxiliary.

-Women-> nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots. (individual responsibility&respect for human dignity-maybe personal freedom?)

Labor Contribution

-defense contractors warned Social Securites Service that nation didn't have enough workers for military & industrial needs-wrong.

-led to drafts & were now 18 millio workers helping with war based products (ind. responsibility)

-6 mil. were women-> they proved they could work

-women could use welding torches, riveting guns, etc. ledding to many women hired (ind. responsibility, respect for human dignity, and personal freedom) although, earned only 60% as men- bad factor.

-more than 2 mil. minority workers were hired.

Body Paragraph 2: 3-4 pts.

*The Segregation System (ex.School-Crisis at Little Rock)

-court and state decisions severly limited African American rights.

-"equal but seperate for white and colored races"

-Jim Crow laws-> aim to seperate races (african americans and white people couldnt get married)

-religion was affected, schools, cars, waiting rooms, train cars, elevators, witness stands, and bathrooms.

-aviod racism->people moved north, abandoned farms and took part in industrial lives in cities.

-racism and segregation in north too, led to violence sometimes.

*A lot of this material was a huge event from WWII to the late 20th century, but not everything was an exact positive growth?*

*Boycotting Segregation(Rosa Parks)

-Rosa Parks= key person ->refused to move while on a bus for a white person (personal freedom)

-inspired whole community to join her in defeating segregation (human dignity)

-Arrest led to bus boycott. (human dignity and personal freedom)

*Kings Death ( Martin Luther Kings affect)

-MLK led Montgomery Improvement Assiciation once buses were boycotted (individual responsibility)

-

Body Paragraph 3: 3 pts.

*A New Womens Movement Arises

The Movement Experiences Gains & Losses

The Movement Legacy

Body Paragraph 4: 4-5 pts.

Carter and Civil Rights (bridge to Civil Rights Movement paragraph)

Ford Tries to "Whip" Inflation

Advancing Human Rights

The Moral Majority

Conclusion Paragraph:

Thesis statement has not formed yet from my drafts.

Project Update

I am working on the them "Demonstrate the evolution of the concepts of personal freedom, individual responsibility, and respect for human dignity."

The MCAS standards that I will use to support this theme are:
USII.17 Explain the important domestic events that took place during WWI.
USII.25 Analyze the origins, goals, and key event s of the Civil Right movement.
USII.27 Analyze the causes and course of the Women's rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s.
USII. 30 Describe some of the major economic and social trends of the late 20th century.

The chapters 25, 29, 31, 32, 33, and 34 are my starting points.

Explain important domestic events that took place during WWI:

• Americans Cling to Isolationism (740)
• Selective Service and the GI (769)
• A Flood of Jewish Refugees (749-750)
• Expanding the Military (769)
• Recruiting and Discrimination/Dramatic Contributions (770)
• Labor's Contribution (771)
• Rationing (774)
• Hiroshima and Nagasaki (790)

Analyze the origins, goals, and key events of the Civil Rights movement:

• The Segregation System (906)
• Plessy vs. Ferguison (907)
• Challenging Segregation in Court (908)
• Boycotting Segregation (910)
• From the Grassroots Up (912)
• Marching to Washington (920)
• Voting Rights Act of 1965 (922)
• New Leaders Voice Discontent (925)
• Kings Death (key event, 927)
• Legacy of the Civil Rights Movement (928)

Analyze the causes and course of the women's rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s:

• A New Women's movement Arises(982..)
• The Movement Experiences Gains and Losses (984..)
• The Movement Legacy (986)

Describe some of the major economic and social trends of the late 20th century: (not finished)

• Welfare Reform (1001)
• Nixon slows integration(1003)
• Controversy over busing(1003)
• Ford Travels a Rough Road(1016)
• Ford tries to "whip" inflation(1017)
• Confronting the energy Crisis(1018)
• Carter and Civil Rights(1020)
• Advancing humans rights(1021)
• Anything that relates to the environment (1027)
• The conservative coalition (1037)
• The Moral Majority (1037-1038)
• The New Right (1039)

In my progress thus far I have gone back to the chapters that I found was suitable for my theme. Reviewing every chapter thoroughly, I found topics that would give me the best information to help me write my essay. I read through each section and brain-stormed how each topic would factor into my project's means.

The most important thing I need to research is the major economic and social trends of the late 20th century.

Once each and every last sections for the MCAS standards are found, it will help me breeze through the essay project.

Chapter 24-Section 4

America Moves Toward War

1. What did the Neutrality Act allow?
The Neutrality Act allowed nations to buy U.S arms as long as they paid cash and found a way to transport them on their own ships. Roosevelt thought his might help France and Britain defeat Htiler and maintain the U.S from getting involved in war.
2. Who were the Axis powers? What did their alliance mean for the United
States?
The Axis powers were the three nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan. Their alliance established the Tripartite Pact. They kept their word of staying at the depfense of the United States in case of any attacks, to prevent them from going into war.
3. What did the Lend-Lease Act do?
The Lend-Lease Act meant that when a country that defended the United States was in need, the president would "lend or lease" arms and other supplies to help.
4. What did the United States do to protest Japan's actions?
To protest Japan's actions, the United States
5. What pledges were contained in the Atlantic Charter?
In the Atlantic Charter "both countries pledged collective security, disarmament, self-determination, economic cooperation, and freedom of the seas." Also, Roosevelt said that he wouldn't declare war against Germany but he would try to "force and incident." The Atlantic Chambers became known as the document that stated "A Declaration of the United States."
6. Who were the Allies?
The Allies were Japan, Germany, and Italy.
7. What did the attack do to the U.S. Pacific fleet?
8. Why did Germany and Italy declare war on the United States?
Germany and Italy declared war on the United States because

Chapter 24-Section 3

The Holocaust

1. Why did France and Britain accept as many German Jews as they might have?

France and Britain accepted as many German Jews as they might have because they wanted to keep Hitler from killing people and treating them very harshly. They also wanted to help prevent the United States from going into war.

2. What did the Nuremberg laws do?

The Nuremberg laws took away from the Jewish people including; German citizenship, jobs, and property. For easier identification, the Nazis made the Jewish people wear the bright yellow Star of David on their clothing.

3. What happened during Kristallnacht?

During Kristallnacht, Nazi storm troopers attacked homes, businesses, and synagogues of Jewish people. They smashed all windows of shops and ruined the streets across Germany. About 100 Jewish people were killed and even more were injured. The Nazi storm troopers took in about 30, 000 Jewish people under arrested. After the destruction, the Nazis blamed the Jewish people for the demolition.

4. Why didn't the United States accept as many German Jews as it might have?

The United States didn't accept as many German Jews as it might have because everyone was concerned that the more refugees that entered would interfere with the U.S citizens maintaining jobs. They were also afraid that it would threaten their economic recovery during the Great Depression.

5. What groups did the Nazis single out for extermination?

For extermination, the Nazis singled out the Jewish people and other groups that were unworthy to the state (enemies). The Nazis turned against many groups that they thought spoke out against the government. These groups were; the Gypsies, the Freemasons, and the Jehovah's. The Nazis also didn't like anyone who didn't fit into their own race, which included homosexuals, mentally ill people and people who were physically disabled.

6. How did the Nazis go about exterminating the approximately 11 million people who died in the Holocaust?

To exterminate the aprroximate number of 11 million people who died in the Holocaust, the Nazis relocated Jewish people in an area called ghettos that were located in Polish cities. Near the ghettos factories were built, and people were forced to work within them. The Nazis soon made concentration camps, also known as labor camps. Life in these camps were extremely harsh and many people ended up dying. After a while, the Nazis began a mass killing of the Jewish people. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. Before people would go into these camps, the strongest people who could work were picked out of lines and the weak people were then put right to death. The people that were going to die were told to get undressed and get ready to take showers. When everyone was in the chambers, they locked the doors and put cyanide gas that would eventually kill them. The Nazis first burned the bodies, but realized it smelled too bad and left evidence of their extermination. Other methods of extermination that the Nazis used were hangings, injections, or shootings.

Genocide- The killing of an entire population.

Chapter 24- Section 1

Section 1-The rise of dictators in Europe and Asia:
Political Movements and Beliefs/Aggressive Actions

1. Joseph Stalin

• Focused on creating a model communist state.
• Agricultural and industrial growth-prime economic goals of Soviet Union.
• Replaced privately owned farms with government own farms.
• All economic activity-placed under state management.
• Responsible for 8 million to 13 million deaths because he did not spare the people who he thought threatened is power.
• Established a totalitarian government which gave individuals no rights, and the government suppressed all oppositions.
• Revolution by workers.

2. Benito Mussolini

• Established a totalitarian regime in Italy.
• Took advantage of middle and upper class demanding stronger leadership.
• Played on fear, spoke well, and won over most Italians.
• Established the Fascist Party-stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those individuals.
• Marched on Rome with thousands of followers; got the name "Black Shirts".
• Mussolini was soon appointed head of the government by the Italian king.
• Later known as Il Duce, "the leader".
• Extreme nationalism.
• Militaristic expansion.
• Anticommunist.

3. Adolf Hitler

• Power similar to Mussolini's.
• Joined the "National Socialist German Workers" Party, a.k.a the Nazi Party.
• Became party's leader-great speaking abilities and organization.
• Wanted to unite all German-speaking people in a great German empire.
• Anticommunist.
• Militaristic expansion.
• Extreme nationalism and racism.
• Later appointed the prime minister.

4. Japanese Militarists

• Believed in the need for more living space for growing population.
• Launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province.

5. Francisco Franco

• Led a Spanish officer group and rebelled against the Spanish republic.
• This led to revolts, which began the Spanish Civil War.
• Supported Fascism.
• Brought German and Italian dictators close and led to the signing of a formal alliance (the Rome-Berlin Axis).
• Once again a totalitarian government in Europe.

Totalitarian-Individuals have no rights, and the government ends all resistance or hostility.

Neutrality Acts-First 2 acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war. The 3rd was passed in response to the fighting in Spain. This act drew out the ban on arms sales and loans to nations involved in civil wars.