Chapter 31:C

The Farm Worker Movement

Why did the NFWA decide to organize a strike against Mount Arbor?

The NFWA decided to organize a strike against Mount Arbor because it was the biggest company. It had about 85 workers, not counting the irrigators and supivisors.

How did Chavez and Huerta try to keep the strike from being broken?

In attempt to keep the strike from being broken, Chavez and Huerta avoided picket lines in order to not break the strike and keep it strong.

Do you think that strikes and boycotts effectively promoted La Causa? Why or why not?

Current Events Summary # 8

Middle East


In the Middle East, a lot of protests have been taking place. For example, in Egypt protests against economic conditions struck the nation. Though, police have been in the presence of most protests, making them fail. Many people working in a Spinning and Weaving Company found prices and wages too high, therefore they would spend their time, after their shifts, fighting to lower them. With all the strikes/protests going on, a great amount of public affairs were affected. For instance, for a while schools were cancelled because of fear that the streets were very dangerous. The government, in order to control this situation, had told police to use whatever tactic they need too; even if that came to using force/violence. The government showed zero-tolerance for this matter, not to mention strikes are illegal in Egypt (causing the government and the police to use even more force.) In all, people are fighting for lower prices on food and wages and their dissatisfaction has shined very much through the country. As a result, the Egyptian government has promised an increase in salaries and they have increased their financial support for food.

Note: While schools have been cancelled because of danger from strikes/protests in Egypt, children in Yemen were actually injured. Explosions/shells by unknown attackers missed the US embassy(which was thought to be the target) and hit a nearby school endangering kids and injury many.

While the discontent of prices of food and wages rising still take place, the people of Egypt are not interested in politics. Therefore this matter results in a low turnout in Egypt. The polls are being boycotted and local elections in Egypt have very small turnouts. Meanwhile, as time goes on. police begin to become more violent. Protesters claim that police used live ammunition to break up the strikes. With anger, protesters are torching buildings, tearing down billboards, and beginning to cause a lot of damage. Once again, the Egyptian government's power impacts the lives of the common people. Raising salaries and increasing the financial aid for food has been promised once again to the people in order to maintain control in the country without resulting in too much chaos that would not be able to be handled or injuries/death of the people.

26b

Soviet Union:

Experiences During War: Suffered more casualties in World War II than any other Allies. Lost aproximately 7.5 million soliders. About 19 million civilians were killed and 25 million refugees were left homeless.

Emotions After War: Feared invasion from the West.

Needs After War: Gaining military and political control of Eastern Europe-way of creating a buffer from further attack.

United States:

Experiences During War: 405,000 soliders died during war, with no civilian casualties. This got the US out of the Depression and almost half of all the goods and services produced in the world came from the US.

Emotions After War: Feared totalitarian regimes that imposed their own systems on otherwise free and independent nations.

Needs After War: Contain communism was a diplomatic compromise between going to war again and stopping the Soviets from gaining any more power in the world that they already had.

25l

The War in the Pacific

April 1942, Bataan: Lt. Colonel James Doolittle led 16 bombers in the attack of a raid on Tokyo and Japanese cities. American spirits rose while Japans spirits dampened.

June 1942, Midway: Admiral Chester Nimitz, commander of American naval forces in the Pacific, moved to defend Midway (an island near Hawaii). The Americans sent torpedo planes and dive bombers to the attack. Japanese were caught with their planes on decks and by the end of the battle, the Japanese lost 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, and 250 planes.

August 1942, Guadalcanal: 19,000 troops stormed into Guadalcanal and the first Allied offesive began.

October 1944, Leyte Gulf: Japanese bombers threw their entire fleet into the Battle. This battle ended as a disaster for Japan. Within 3 days they lost 3 battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 cruisers, and almost 500 planes.

March 1945, Iwo Jima:

June 1945, Okinawa: Allies and Japan. The fighting ended on June 21, 1945; more than 7, 600 Americans died. The Japanese lost 110,000 lives.

September 1945, Tokyo Bay:

The Science of War

July 1945, Los Alamos: Otto Frisch describe the first testing of the new bomb as a huge mushroom cloud that rose over the sesert as a "red hot elephant standingbalanced on its trunk." The bomb was successful; it worked.

August 1945, Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Enola Gay released an atomic bomb named Little Boy over an important Japanese military center (Hiroshima). Almost every building had collapsed and the city as well. Japans leader had yet to surrender and 3 days later another bomb, named Fat Man, was dropped on Nagasaki. By the end of the year roughly 200, 000 people died.

Planning and Rebuilding for Peace

February 1945, Yalta: Allied pushed toward victory in Europe. Roosevelt met with Churchill and Stalin at the Black Sea resort city of Yalta in the Soviet Union, where they toasted the defeat of Germany.

April 1945, San Francisco: Roosevelt's dream of a United Nations would become reality at an international conference that took place in San Francisco in April.

1945 - 1949, Nuremberg: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Robert Jackson, 12 out of 24 defendents, that were Nazi leaders, were accused of crimes and were sentenced to death. The remaining men were sent to prison. Nearly 200 more Nazis were found guilty of war crimes.

Kamikaze: Or a suicide-plane involving the deliberate crashing of a bomb-filled airplane into a military target.

The Manhattan Project: The United States program developed an atomic bomb for use in World War II.

25g

End of Battle of Stalingrad
The soldiers fought in the Soviet Union since June 1941. For weeks the Germans went in on Stalingrad, taking over houses. By the end of the battle, defending Stalingrad, the Soviet Union lost 1,100,000 soliders. From this point on the Soviet began to move westward toward Germany.
End of Operation Torch
The Operation Torch was an invasion of Axis-controlled North Africa, commanded by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Landing in Casablanca, Oran, and Algiers in Norther Africa, were about 107, 000 Allied troops, mostly American. Moving eastward from this point they became victorious to Afrika Korps led by General Erwin Rommel.
Victory in Battle of the Atlantic
D-Day
The Allies gathered a force of nearly 3 million British, American, and Canadian troops, with a great deal of military equipment and supplies. The plan was to attack Normany in northern France. The code-name for the invasion was Operation Overload, which shortly after midnight, the 3 divisions parachuted down behind German lines followed by thousands upon thousands of seaborne soliders.
Liberation of Majdanek
The Soviets entered Majadenk in Poland seeing that they didn't enter a concentration camp, but a "murder house" instead.
Liberation of France
French soliders set Paris free from the Germans.
Capture of Aachen
Americans captured the first German town Aacehn in October 1944.
End of Battle of the Bulge
The Germans moved westward capturing 120 American GIs near Malmedy. Herding them into fields, the Germans killed them with machine guns and pistols.
End of Italian Campaign
VE-Day
The Allies celebrated "Victory in Europe Day" when the war in Europe was finally over. General Eisenhower accepted the surrender of the Third Reich.
Dwight D. Eisenhower -General and the Supreme Commander of United States Forces in
Europe.
George Patton - Leader of the third army that reached the Seine river south of Paris to liberate France.
Harry S. Truman - Became nation's 33rd President after Roosevelt died on April 12, 1945.

Current Event Summary # 7

Throughout Nepal, a region located in South Asia, there has been an ongoing strike because the population believe they are being neglected. This strike, that has been struggling with the supply of fuel for the nation, is roughly one third of Nepal, also known as Madhesis. Within the two week period that the strike has been caring on, police officers have already killed people, due to the act of violence. The population of Madhesis have never seemed to have the power in political issues or representation. For that reason, the recent man who signed for cabinet minister, Mr. Mahato, asked for their own state within Nepal. That way the population would be able to regain control, without having problems with the government. Problems that have grown with the government and Madhesis' population is that the government has "collapsed" and it is "irresponsible." Due to the strike, there is a shortage of basic fuels across the country. To maintain some-what of a supply to Nepal, curfews have been set, because so much violence has been brought about the region. The main reason for the curfew is to allow tankers to come in and bring petrols and cooking gas from India for the population. As a result, the strike has not only affected the Madhesi and the domestic lives, but it has also affected hospitals and schools. This outroar shows a new sign of ethnics in Nepal and politics.
The ethnic Nepalese people from Bruhtan have also been involved in fires that destroyed a camp that sheltered many refugees from disasters. For many, many years this camp has been a home for over 100,000 ethnic Nepalese people. Roughly 60,000 of those people have now been given the chance to live in the United States. To shelters like this, emidiate attention has be aqquired. Aid agencies and the government has sent emergency food, water, and extra temporary shelter. Although, due to the use of bamboo for the huts, most of the shelters have been destroyed by fires. For the population of Nepal, the domestic population has not only been affected by the strike going on, but by the ongoing fires. The fires have taken away shelter and most of their personal belongings such as clothes, books, cooking supplies, and food. The fires have not been determined as accidents or acts of arson quite yet. One main resultant that the refugees have led to is moving to western countries.
In all, the government and other aid resources are making an attempt to make the life of the population that lives in Nepal a better way of living. The government has gone from dealing with strikes from the domestic population and accusations of arsons continually spreading throughout shelters of Nepal.

Current Events Summary

In South Asia there has currently been a lot of huge news reports streaming through the streets. There has been an alarm among the people of South Asia because of the bird flu. There hasn't been any human cases of the bird flu found, but all the test on dead birds found in Budge Budge, less than an hour from Calcutta, have tested positive with this disease. Besides the fact that the people of South Asia are at risk of catching the bird flu, poultry is a main way they recieve money. With the risk of the bird flu, the major source of income that people get from selling poultry, or using it for their own food, have been affected as well. While the government is working on getting rid of the birds that are affected, they are also having villagers select out birds which may have the disease. There are two problems with this method. One is that the villagers don't have the supplies like, gloves for example, and that puts them at a larger risk of getting the bird flu because they are having exact contact with the birds. Also, many people don't want to get rid of their "backyard poultry" because that is once of their main ways to supply themselves with food and get money. In all, the worry of the bird flu spreading among humans is a main subject that South Asia has to deal with right now. If it spreads to Calcutta people will be in panic and cause chaos because things are getting very serious and health issues are at risk.
While the government of South Asia is busy dealing with the issue of the bird flu, they also have to deal with a hijacking incident of an Indian airline to Afghanistan. Finding who the men were that were involved in the hijacking can relate to why the government is trying to control the bird flu. The government has the saftey and well being of its citizens in mind. Without the government tying to control each circumstances that would show that the have no respect for human dignity.

32k: The Ford and Carter Years

A.Take notes to describe the policies of each towards the problems facing them.

*Problems faced by Ford*
Ending Watergate Scandal:
Troubled Economy: Carter claimed he didn't have an economic policy at all. He said he thought that there was a crisis in spirit of the people. From here, people began to believe their president had given up on them.
Hostile Congress: The Congress continually battled the worst economic recession and they pushed their own economic agenda/problems to Fords attention.
Cold War tensions:
Southeast Asia:

*Problems faced by Carter*
Distrust of politicians:
Energy crisis: Most important issue they were facing. America relied on imported oil very much, and thought that factored into the problem. He then offered over 100 proposals on energy conservation and development.
Discrimination:
Humans rights issue: Wanted to use moral principles for a guide for US foreign policy. Promoted that the US needed to commit itself to human rights.
Panama Canal:
Cold War tensions:

31f: Women Fight for Equality

A. Take notes to explain how each helped to create or advance the movement.

Experiences in the workplace: Women were paid much less than men for the same jobs, which President Kennedy changed. Women got management positions that led them to notice their unequal status in society even more.
Experiences in social activism: Women noticed that they were "brushed aside" in groups/organizations. They took action and organzied small groups to discuss their concerns.
Consiousness raising: "Women shared their lives with each other and realized that their experiences were not unique."
Feminism: Women wanted the right to be economically, politically, and socially equal with men. In 1920, women won the right to vote.
Betty Friedan and the Feminine Mystique: Helped spread how women felt and were treated around the world.
Civil Rights Act of 1964: Womens movement gained strength when the Civil Rights Act was passed. This act prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and gender. It also formed the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to deal with discrimination claims.
National Organization for Women (NOW): This group fought to pursue women's goals. This group fought for child-care facilities so women could pursue jobs and education. They prompted EEOC to declare sez-segregated job ads illegal and made employers unable to refuse to hire a women because it was traditionally a males job.
Gloria Steinem and Ms. Magazine: Steinem made her voice heard about feminism and equality. She created the group National Women's Political Caucus to encourage women to have a role in the political office. The Ms. magazine created was to show the contemporary issues from a feminist perspective.
Congress: Congress passed a ban on gender discrimination in education programs or things involving federal financial assistance. They also expanded the powers of the EEOX and gave parents that worked a tax break for child-care fees.
Supreme Court:

B. The Equal Rights Amendment would have guarunteed equal rights under the law, regardless of gender. Who opposed this amendment? Why?

Who: Phyllis Schlafly
Why: He believed that the ERA would lead to "a parade of horribles," like drafting women, ending of laws protecting homemakers, and the end of husbands responsibility to provide for his family, and same-sex marriages.

29i : "I Have a Dream"

Discussion Questions

1. What does Dr. Martin Luther King mean when he says he has a dream that the nation "will live out the true meaning of its creed"?
Martin Luther King meant that he wants everyone to be equal with one another, no matter what color skin they have. He wants people to live with the saying that "all men a created equal." While they say that all men are created equal, it is not true. He had a dream that one day it will come into effect and African Americans would not be treated unfairly, but instead like everyone else.
2. What critisisms does King level at American society?
King basically critisizes the nation when he claims he has a dream that everyone would be created equal. It is critisism because he talks about the segregation, racisim, etc in the world. Although he had a point that African Americans were not treated the same way that white people were, he was still technically critisizing the American society very much when he went against what was "set", basically meaning he stood up for himself.
3. Do you think that King's dream has been fufilled? Explain your response.
I think that King's dream has been fufilled. Today African Americans and white people are more equal than what they used to be. Even thought there are still people who are racists, the lifestyle of the nation changed as a whole. African Americans are looked at as people, and not things.